基于 JSF＋Spring + JPA 构建敏捷的Web应用[88250原创]

在开发Java Web应用时，我们经常要选择合适的框架进行开发，以提高效率和应用系统的质量。选择框架时，最难抉择的就是Web框架（持久层框架已经有JPA规范了）。

在用过众多的Web框架后，结合实际项目（在线考试系统）需要，我决定尝试一下最新的框架组合：
JSF1.2 + Spring2.5 + JPA1.0。本文以配置文件为重，介绍这三个框架的整合方法与步骤，希望对大家有用！

其实，在配置各种框架组合的时候最重要的就是配置文件。还好Spring足够强大，以Bean的方式将其他框架融合进来，用统一的方式管理，的确是很先进和优良的配置技术。
下面从前端（JSF）到后端（JPA）的顺序来给出实例配置文件：

web.xml：


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>javax.faces.STATE_SAVING_METHOD</param-name>
        <param-value>client</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>com.sun.faces.validateXml</param-name>
        <param-value>true</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>com.sun.faces.verifyObjects</param-name>
        <param-value>false</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>UploadFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.sun.webui.jsf.util.UploadFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <description>The maximum allowed upload size in bytes.  If this is set to a negative value, there is no maximum.  The default value is 1000000.</description>
            <param-name>maxSize</param-name>
            <param-value>1000000</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <description>The size (in bytes) of an uploaded file which, if it is exceeded, will cause the file to be written directly to disk instead of stored in memory.  Files smaller than or equal to this size will be stored in memory.  The default value is 4096.</description>
            <param-name>sizeThreshold</param-name>
            <param-value>4096</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>UploadFilter</filter-name>
        <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
    </filter-mapping>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>javax.faces.LIFECYCLE_ID</param-name>
            <param-value>com.sun.faces.lifecycle.PARTIAL</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ExceptionHandlerServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.sun.errorhandler.ExceptionHandler</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>errorHost</param-name>
            <param-value>localhost</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>errorPort</param-name>
            <param-value>24444</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ThemeServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.sun.webui.theme.ThemeServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/faces/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ExceptionHandlerServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/error/ExceptionHandler</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ThemeServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/theme/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>
            30
        </session-timeout>
    </session-config>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>faces/Page1.jsp</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
        </welcome-file-list>
    <error-page>
        <exception-type>javax.servlet.ServletException</exception-type>
        <location>/error/ExceptionHandler</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <exception-type>java.io.IOException</exception-type>
        <location>/error/ExceptionHandler</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <exception-type>javax.faces.FacesException</exception-type>
        <location>/error/ExceptionHandler</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <exception-type>com.sun.rave.web.ui.appbase.ApplicationException</exception-type>
        <location>/error/ExceptionHandler</location>
    </error-page>
    <jsp-config>
        <jsp-property-group>
            <url-pattern>*.jspf</url-pattern>
            <is-xml>true</is-xml>
        </jsp-property-group>
        </jsp-config>
    </web-app>


faces-config.xml：


<?xml version=''1.0'' encoding=''UTF-8''?>

<!-- =========== FULL CONFIGURATION FILE ================================== -->

<faces-config version="1.2" 
              xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
              xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-facesconfig_1_2.xsd">
    <application>
        <variable-resolver>
            org.springframework.web.jsf.DelegatingVariableResolver
        </variable-resolver>
    </application>
    
    <managed-bean>
        <managed-bean-name>SessionBean</managed-bean-name>
        <managed-bean-class>cn.edu.ynu.sei.onlineexam.web.SessionBean</managed-bean-class>
        <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
    </managed-bean>
    <managed-bean>
        <managed-bean-name>Page1</managed-bean-name>
        <managed-bean-class>cn.edu.ynu.sei.onlineexam.web.Page1</managed-bean-class>
        <managed-bean-scope>request</managed-bean-scope>
    </managed-bean>
    <managed-bean>
        <managed-bean-name>ApplicationBean</managed-bean-name>
        <managed-bean-class>cn.edu.ynu.sei.onlineexam.web.ApplicationBean</managed-bean-class>
        <managed-bean-scope>application</managed-bean-scope>
    </managed-bean>
    <managed-bean>
        <managed-bean-name>RequestBean</managed-bean-name>
        <managed-bean-class>cn.edu.ynu.sei.onlineexam.web.RequestBean</managed-bean-class>
        <managed-bean-scope>request</managed-bean-scope>
    </managed-bean>
</faces-config>