If you use Hibernate on Tomcat you don''t have to use Tomcat''s JNDI-bound JDBC connections. You can let Hibernate manage the JDBC connection pool. This works on all versions of Tomcat and is very easy to configure.

First, create a hibernate.cfg.xml or hibernate.properties file, as per documentation (no, property names in cfg.xml don''t have to be prefixed with "hibernate.xxx"):

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
    
        <!-- Settings for a local HSQL (testing) database. -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost</property>
        <property name="connection.username">sa</property>
        <property name="connection.password"></property>

        <!-- Use the C3P0 connection pool. -->
        <property name="c3p0.min_size">3</property>
        <property name="c3p0.max_size">5</property>
        <property name="c3p0.timeout">1800</property>
    
        <!-- Disable second-level cache. -->
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
        <property name="cache.use_query_cache">false</property>
        <property name="cache.use_minimal_puts">false</property>
        <property name="max_fetch_depth">3</property>
    
        <!-- Print SQL to stdout. -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>
    
        <!-- Drop and then re-create schema on SessionFactory build, for testing. -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
    
        <!-- Bind the getCurrentSession() method to the thread. -->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>

        <!-- Hibernate XML mapping files -->
        <mapping resource="org/MyClass.hbm.xml"/>
    
        <!-- Hibernate Annotations (and package-info.java)
        <mapping package="org.mypackage"/>
        <mapping class="org.MyClass/>
        -->

    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

Now copy this file into your WEB-INF/classes directory of your web application. Copy hibernate3.jar into your WEB-INF/lib directory and with it all required 3rd party libraries (see lib/README.txt in the Hibernate distribution). Don''t forget to also copy your JDBC driver to common/lib or WEB-INF/lib. Never ever copy anything in Tomcat into a global directory outside of your web application or you are in classloader hell!

Start Hibernate by building a SessionFactory, as shown here with HibernateUtil.

This listener initializes and closes Hibernate on deployment and undeployment, instead of the first user request hitting the application:

public class HibernateListener implements ServletContextListener ...{

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) ...{
        HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory(); // Just call the static initializer of that class    
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) ...{
        HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close(); // Free all resources
    }
}Add it to your web.xml:

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.mypackage.HibernateListener</listener-class>
</listener>